Mapping the Circular WAY in Moulānā Rūmī’s Masnavi. Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Transtextuality, and Cognitive Poetics of Mysticism

Abstract Rumi’s Masnavi is one of the most profound works of Persian mystical literature, rich in metaphors and allegories, and it conveys spiritual concepts and religious meaning. The metaphor of the way plays a central role in illustrating the spiritual journey toward unity with the divine. This article explores the concept of the way in the Masnavi by analysing conceptual metaphors that employ the source concepts of the straight road, as well as the circular way . These metaphors help to elucidate Rumi’s perspective on the spiritual journey and the unity of existence. First, we discuss the transtextual relationship between the Masnavi and the Qurʾan, arguing that the Masnavi is a hypertext to the Qurʾan with its own exegetical tradition. As such, it constitutes a second-degree hypotext. Next, we discuss key intellectual influences on Rumi and present elements of his mystical worldview that inform the conceptual metaphor of the circular way . We posit that Rumi reinterprets the Qurʾanic lead metaphor of the straight road as a metaphor for the spiritual journey in a circular way. Finally, by analysing the tale of “The Parrot and the Merchant,” the article demonstrates how this metaphor can serve as a hermeneutic key to unlock the multilayered mystical meanings of the allegorical narratives in the Masnavi .