1,2,3-Triazole: an important scaffold in drug design and development

Abstract 1,2,3-triazole represents a class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics with a wide range of biological activity. The medicinal applications of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antihyperglycemic effects, have been explored. The structure-activity relationship of the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and hybrids, with selected examples of 1,2,3-triazole-based drugs, was displayed. This article reviews the recent progress and development of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and hybrid molecules in medicinal chemistry, with a focus on the synergistic effect of hybridizing 1,2,3-triazole with other pharmacophores. The hybrid molecules are presented based on their structural forms and discussed based on their biological applications. The review aims to provide chemists with a detailed roadmap for further designs of more potent 1,2,3-triazole-based drugs.