Control volume simulation to examine the forced convective hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined thin needle

Abstract This research aims to improve the efficiency of nanofluids formulated in water using Cu-MXene and water. A thin needle has been used to observe the convective flow of a Cu-MXene hybrid nanofluid for the enhancement of heat transfer. Surface, contour, and streamline plots in 2D and 3D formats have been analyzed by using CVFEM to find the microscopic structure of the flow. The transformation of differential equations has been accomplished using similarity variables. The ND-solve method is used to decipher the outcomes of transformed equations. The proposed inclined needle flow model incorporates experimental data on Cu-MXene hybrid nanofluides, which were not previously discussed in the literature. Thermal radiation, magnetic field effects, and Darcy Forchheimer’s porous media characteristics have taken into account to improve the physical arrangement. CVFEM simulations and the ND-Solve algorithm combine to make a novel contribution. The use of the 6 % volume fraction increases the heat transfer rate up to 56.92 % using nanofluid, and 60.01 % using hybrid nanofluid, which matches the experimental results. The present analysis is based on theoretical analysis, which makes use of experimental results from the existing literature. Comparing the theoretical and experimental results from the current literature leads to a closed agreement. The other physical impact of the parameters has also been tested for the enhancement of heat transfer.