Comparing Connectivity Patterns in Prehistoric Germany by Means of Network Analysis, Artefact and Site Distribution and a Reassessment of Human Mobility ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr)

Abstract Recent advances in the natural sciences, bioarchaeology and spatial analytical techniques have significantly improved our ability to reconstruct prehistoric human connectivity. However, traditional mapping approaches can often fail to integrate isotopic evidence with landscape modeling and artifact distribution comprehensively. This study addresses this gap by combining Least-Cost Path (LCP) analysis, spatial distribution of key archaeological artifacts (jade axes and hilted swords), and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic data from previous research to investigate movement corridors in the Late Neolithic (ca. 3,800–2,800 BCE) and Bronze Age (ca. 2,300/2,200–800 BCE) landscapes of central and southern Germany. Our objective is to model how prehistoric populations navigated and exploited natural landscape features for mobility and trade, assessing how these corridors influenced the spatial distribution of important trade commodities. By integrating isotopic data with modeled movement corridors, our study confirms through independent isotopic and spatial evidence, that mobility networks intensified and stabilized during the Bronze Age. This approach highlights a methodological advance rather than reiterating a well-known trend, as the broader variability of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios directly corresponds with the establishment of sustained long-distance connections.