Synergistic impact of magnetic field and Smoluchowski conditions on Sutterby–Williamson–Micropolar–Maxwell hybrid-ternary nanofluids in solar HVAC systems

Abstract The present study introduces a comprehensive rheological model integrating Sutterby, Williamson, Maxwell, and Micropolar fluid behaviors to analyze the magneto-thermal transport of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (MoS 2 –GO–MCNT/water–EG) in a solar-assisted HVAC system under Smoluchowski temperature-slip and Maxwell velocity-slip conditions. The nonlinear boundary-layer equations governing momentum, microrotation, energy, and mass transport were solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF-45) algorithm coupled with the shooting technique. Results indicate that introducing magnetic and micropolar effects enhances wall shear stress by 21–28 % and heat transfer (Nusselt number) by up to 32 %. In comparison, temperature slip reduces wall heat flux by nearly 14 % compared to the no-slip case. The ternary hybrid nanofluid exhibits Nusselt numbers 23–35 % higher and a 18 % increase in the Sherwood number relative to hybrid and mono nanofluids. The synergy among magnetic control, micropolar rotation, and slip phenomena results in thinner boundary layers, improved flow stability, and better energy utilization in solar-HVAC operations. These findings provide quantitative insights into the design of next-generation energy-efficient thermal management systems using advanced magneto-rheological nanofluids.