Empathy as dynamic social meaning-making: audience responses to patient-generated materials about endometriosis care

Abstract This article uses 25 Think Aloud interviews to investigate the ability of patient-generated multimodal materials about endometriosis health care in the National Health Service Wales, UK, to evoke empathy in others. Critically evaluating relevant findings from several disciplines, empathy is reconceptualized as a dynamic and context-dependent form of social meaning-making. The combination of thematic analysis with a dynamic-systems approach to discourse analysis enabled the distinction between four interactive processes involved in empathy – “recognition”, “resonance”, “alignment”, and “affiliation” – as well as revealing common linguistic resources used to express or withhold empathy in the data. Specifically, the study findings show that an individual’s socially situated identities, as well as their own experiences of a particular healthcare system, may encourage or impede their empathic responses to representations of other people’s suffering.