Butterfly-layered covalent organic polymers loaded with essential oils of Cyperus rotundus L.

Abstract Cyperus rotundus L. essential oil (CEO) was loaded into covalent organic polymer materials (PdIs) and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory (BET), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). The main components of CEO were identified as cyperenone (13.43 %), cyperene (10.01 %), α -cyperone (5.83 %), caryophyllene oxide (3.15 %), Zierone (2.97 %), and Cyperene epoxide (2.07 %). The stability of PdIs/CEO was systematically investigated. The antioxidant activities of CEO and PdIs/CEO were evaluated based on their ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals. A CCK-8 assay was employed to determine the concentrations of sample, and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model was established to assess their anti-inflammatory effects. Both CEO and PdIs/CEO exhibited strong antioxidant activity. They significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). At a concentration of 150 μg/mL, the maximum inhibition rates for TNF-α, and IL-6 reached 91.63 % and 96.23 %, respectively. This study demonstrates that PdIs/CEO has promising potential for applications in food, pharmaceutical, and related fields.