PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1B (PBP-1B) IN COMPLEX WITH AZTREONAM-NITROXIDE CONJUGATES

Bacterial biofilms limit drug penetration and promote bacterial persistence. As quorum sensing regulates biofilm development, its disruption represent a promising strategy to counter antimicrobial resistance. Nitric oxide (NO) disperses biofilms by activating c-di-GMP–degrading phosphodiesterases, and nitroxides act as NO mimics with similar activity. In this study, aztreonam–nitroxide conjugates were developed as dual-action agents against biofilm-forming pathogens. crystal structures of the aztreonam–nitroxide conjugates (15–18) bound to S. pneumoniae PBP1b provide useful insights into the influence of linker length on binding.