Investigation of multivalent oxides in borosilicate glass and relation to glass viscosity

The primary goal of this work is to measure Mn K-edge, Cr K-edge, and Bi LIII- edge XANES/EXAFS spectra in order to understand more about modeling glass viscosity for nuclear waste glasses. The XANES region will be used to understand and quantify the redox behavior of the oxides of each edge in the presence of shifting ratios of Na and Li. The EXAFS region will be used for understanding the disorder around these oxides in the glass structure and average bond lengths and coordination and relate these results to the viscosities of these glasses with differing concentrations of the oxides