Strategic alignment matters: A configurational approach to digital transformation models for enhancing manufacturing productivity

This study explores how the alignment of digital transformation models (DTM) with internal and external environmental factors drives productivity improvement in manufacturing enterprises. Using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methodology, the analysis reveals that no single factor is necessary for successful digital transformation. Instead, the alignment of DTM with environmental factors determines its effectiveness. The study identifies three independent DTM: (1) digitalization of production (DOP); (2) digitalization of organizational management (DOM); and (3) digitalization of business model (DOB). These DTM can be implemented individually or in combination to enhance productivity. Findings indicate that DOB requires strong market acceptance, DOM is effective in unfavorable environments, and DOP is most beneficial when industry digitalization is well-adopted. The research also highlights the importance of contextual adaptation and identifies avenues for further exploration, particularly regarding digital agility in digital transformation.