Urban Water-Planning Support System Using Fuzzy Logic and Metaheuristic Algorithms Under Sustainability Criteria

Rapid urbanisation and demographic expansion have intensified pressure on urban water systems, rendering cities highly vulnerable to water scarcity driven by overexploitation and environmental degradation.This crisis is further aggravated by climate change and the inefficiency of ageing distribution infrastructures, which often suffer from structural and maintenance deficiencies.These limitations compromise service equity and operational efficiency, leading to economic