The Chemistry of Blood & Anti-sera Analogues for ABO & Rh(D) Typing
Abstract
Blood typing is an integral part of biology curricula but has come under increased scrutiny due to potential transmission of blood-borne pathogens. To address this concern, we have developed a novel set of realistic blood and anti-sera analogues for ABO and Rh(D) typing. The formulation described here can be easily assembled and allows students to perform ABO and Rhesus typing realistically without the biosafety hazards associated with real blood. All eight major blood groups can be simulated, thus allowing various fun-filled activities to be planned and executed.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Various Chemistry Research Topics
Blood groups and transfusion
Science and Education Research
Publication details
- Journal / source
- The American Biology Teacher
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60–64
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026
- Language
- EN