Bangladesh in 2024 and 2025

Bangladesh’s politics in 2024–25 were marked by an abrupt regime collapse and a turbulent transition into a new era of democratic contestation. Although a national election in January 2024 reaffirmed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League’s single-party hegemony, a student-led uprising later that year escalated into a nationwide revolt that forced Hasina’s resignation and exile. An interim government headed by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus assumed power amid violence and demands for accountability. In 2025, caretaker authorities pursued ambitious institutional reforms crystalized in the July Charter while also preparing for fresh elections in early 2026. Bangladesh’s party system was recast with the banning of the Awami League, the rejuvenation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, and the entry of new political actors from the protest movement. Persistent violence, minority-group insecurity, and strained ties with India have all complicated the transition period.