BEYOND PATHOGENICITY: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Aims. To review the antimicrobial potential of Staphylococcus epidermidis, particularly its bacteriocins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and to highlight their possible applications in human health, food preservation, aquaculture, and other industrial sectors. Methods. A literature-based review approach was adopted to analyze existing studies on S. epidermidis–derived antimicrobial compounds. Published research focusing on bacteriocins, AMPs, pathogen inhibition, strain safety, and potential applications across healthcare and non-healthcare sectors was examined. Results. Studies indicate that S. epidermidis produces potent antimicrobial compounds, including bacteriocins and AMPs, which exhibit strong pathogen-specific activity. These compounds demonstrate inhibitory effects against several pathogens, notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and show promise in managing skin infections, chronic wounds, and biofilm-associated infections. Although the bacterium is widely present in natural environments, its potential applications in food preservation and aquaculture remain underexplored. Furthermore, the dual nature of S. epidermidis as both a beneficial commensal and an opportunistic pathogen has limited its broader utilization. However, recent advances in strain selection and genetic studies have identified non-virulent strains, such as S. epidermidis YTPW-4, which lack major pathogenic traits and may be suitable for safe biotechnological applications. Conclusions. S. epidermidis–derived bacteriocins and AMPs represent promising antimicrobial agents with potential applications beyond healthcare, including sustainable food systems, aquaculture, and precision medicine. However, comprehensive safety assessments and further research are necessary to harness their therapeutic and industrial potential fully.