Comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition, bioactivities, and applications in human health of Artocarpus tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Gagnep

Artocarpus tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Gagnep. is an endemic Vietnamese tree that has gained scientific relevance due to its traditional ethnomedicinal uses and emerging nutraceutical potential; however, a comprehensive and systematized synthesis of its chemical composition and biological activities remains limited. This study aimed to critically compile and analyze published scientific evidence on the phytochemical constituents, bioactivities, toxicity, and potential applications of A. tonkinensis. A structured review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on studies addressing chemical characterization, in vitro and in vivo biological assays, and pharmacological evaluations. The analysis showed that a wide range of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, benzofurans, chalconoids, and phenolic acids, have been isolated from different plant tissues. Experimental evidence indicates that extracts and isolated compounds exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. In vivo studies reported reductions in arthritis severity ranging from 30 to 60%, together with decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. This review highlights relevant structure–activity relationships, summarizes available toxicity data, and discusses the therapeutic and pharmacological prospects of this species. Overall, the compiled evidence provides a coherent and verifiable scientific basis supporting the potential of A. tonkinensis as a source of bioactive compounds and underscores the need for further biochemical, pharmacological, and applied research.