Enhancing Self-Esteem in Adolescents During Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: Low self-esteem (LSE) can negatively impact adolescent mental health, leading to suicidal ideation (SI). Social stressors, such as peer rejections, are considered a source of stress that can contribute to LSE, SI, and subsequent admission to psychiatric facilities. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an occupational therapy intervention to improve self-awareness and self-esteem during short-term hospitalization. Method: The research used a mixed methods approach to evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational intervention by an occupational therapist on 16 adolescents. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) was used before the intervention (pretest), immediately after the intervention (posttest A), and 30–40 days after the intervention (posttest B). Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews at three days and 30-40 days postintervention. Results: The RSES mean score increased from 8.56 at pretest to 16.19 at posttest A (Wilcoxon, z = -3.52, p < 0.001) and 17.69 at posttest B (Wilcoxon, z = -3.11, p = 0.002). Of the 16 participants, three did not respond when contacted for the 30–40-day posttest B. Conclusion: The occupational therapy intervention appeared to improve self-esteem, with continued improvements up to 40 days postdischarge. Further research is needed.