Oxidative Stress Markers Analysis in Sites with Healthy Conditions and with Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

To evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the peri- implant crevicular fluid (PICF) concentration of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in healthy sites and in those affected by periodontitis (PER) and peri-implantitis (PIM). Sites in periodontal (PH) and peri-implant (PIH) healthy conditions and sites with PER and PIM were investigated in 120 subjects. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Levels of MDA and SOD in GCF and PICF were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and statistically correlated with PI, GI PPD and BOP. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in level of MDA and SOD were found in PH vs. PIH sites with. Compared to PH sites, PER sites presented a higher level of MDA and SOD, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Statistically significant higher concentrations of MDA (p=0.009) and SOD (p= 0.004) were found in PIM sites compared to PIH. Moreover, PIM sites showed also statistically higher levels of MDA (p=0.012) and SOD (p=0.013) than PER sites. MDA and SOD concentrations were found positively correlated with PD and BOP. The measured oxidative stress markers were statistically higher in diseased peri-implant sites than in diseased periodontal sites.