Schema therapy for eating disorders. Conceptualisation and treatment

Introduction and aim: The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the characteristics of eating disorders and the possible experiences of individuals affected by them. The text presents schema therapy and its application in the treatment of eating disorders. Schema therapy is an integrative therapeutic model developed by Jeffrey Young. This theory takes into account temperamental, developmental, and personality factors. Materials and methods: Schema therapy has demonstrated its effectiveness in randomized studies for the treatment of personality disorders and other complex psychological problems. Current treatment of eating disorders, primarily through psychotherapeutic approaches such as cognitive-behavioural therapy, is mainly focused on symptom reduction. Its effectiveness is limited due to the complexity of the disorder. Results: New therapeutic interventions are needed, especially for patients who have not improved with previous treatments or who have discontinued earlier therapy. Schema therapy represents a reasonable option for such individuals. The article presents links between early life experiences, including trauma, and the symptoms of eating disorders. Early maladaptive schemas and schema modes characteristic of this clinical group are also discussed. The need for thorough diagnosis and comprehensive conceptualisation that considers eating disorder symptoms as well as comorbid problems and conditions is emphasised. Cognitive and experiential techniques of schema therapy are described, with a particular focus on the integration of behavioural techniques in the treatment of eating disorders. Conclusions: Preliminary studies examining the effectiveness of schema therapy in treating eating disorders are presented.