Effect of aqueous extract of date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on blood biochemical parameters in pregnant and lactating rats with fructose-induced type 2 diabetes

Abstract This study assessed the antidiabetic potential of an aqueous extract of date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds (AEDK) in pregnant and lactating Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a 60% fructose-rich diet. Diabetic rats received daily 30 mL of the extract. Biochemical and metabolic parameters were evaluated in serum and tissues. AEDK treatment significantly reduced body weight (−17.3%) and organ hypertrophy, notably in the liver (−15.2%), kidneys (−7.8%), adipose tissue (−33.6%), while maintaining muscle mass. The extract improved glycaemic control markedly and normalised major biochemical markers. Serum transaminase activities (AST and ALT) and urea and creatinine levels were significantly reduced, indicating hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. No adverse effects were observed in non-diabetic rats, confirming the safety of the extract under normal physiological conditions. Overall, the aqueous extract of date seeds effectively ameliorated metabolic alterations associated with fructose-induced type 2 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation. Its glucose-lowering, organ-protective, and regulatory effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing diabetes and related complications during critical reproductive periods.