Field evaluation of the effectiveness of biocomposite hydrogels in Eastern Kazakhstan: Water retention, stimulatory effects, and biodegradability

Abstract In the context of increasing water scarcity in arid regions, including Eastern Kazakhstan, where average annual precipitation amounts to only 300–350 mm, the development of effective water-saving technologies is becoming critically important. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of biocomposite hydrogels containing a polymer matrix, chitosan, cellulose, and biostimulants in improving water retention and enhancing crop productivity. Laboratory methods (gravimetric and thermogravimetric analysis) and field trials involving soil moisture and crop yield measurements were employed. The results demonstrated that Hydrogel G-3, comprising 70% polymer matrix, exhibited the highest water absorption capacity (500% of its mass) and thermal stability (T_(50%) = 350 °C), although it showed low biodegradability (20% over six months). The practical significance lies in demonstrating the effectiveness of biocomposite hydrogels as a promising solution for arid regions, which is particularly important for farmers in Eastern Kazakhstan facing severe water shortages.