From a parish square to John F. Kennedy Park. Evolution of the public space of Miraflores in Lima, Peru and the role of Ryszard de Jaxa Małachowski

Aim of the study The study produced several key conclusions. The focus area has undergone long-term transformations, evolving from an early 20th-century parish square, through modernization by ARQUIDEA (1990–1992), to 21st-century redevelopment and infrastructural projects. The construction of the Virgen Milagrosa church by Ryszard de Jaxa Małachowski was pivotal, initiating the evolution of public space that now includes 7 June Park and John F. Kennedy Park. The church established the district’s central compositional axis, serving as the primary historical and spatial landmark and perpetuating the traditional “church at a square” pattern in Miraflores. Material and methods The research tested the hypothesis that Małachowski not only designed the church but also conceived the urban layout for the surrounding park. While this was not fully confirmed, the study showed that the church itself significantly influenced the spatial configuration of central Miraflores. The findings document the district’s transformations over time and their implications for current revitalization policies. Results and conclusions Future research should investigate other public spaces in Lima associated with Małachowski, particularly those that could inspire new urban layouts. This study reinforces his enduring role in shaping Lima’s urban identity and highlights how his architectural and spatial concepts continue to shape the city’s development.