Effect of miR-1 and miR-126-5p in BCL2 and PIK3R2 regulation in apoptotic signaling during ST-elevation myocardial infarction

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery, leading to severe cardiac damage and high mortality. miR-1 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2, while miR-126-5p negatively regulates PIK3R2 by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. The expression of these miRNAs correlates with BCL2, PIK3R2, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in patients and controls, highlighting their role in apoptosis and myocardial injury. This study aimed to compare serum levels of miR-1, BCL2, microRNA-126-5p (miR-126-5p), Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 2 (PIK3R2), and cTnT in patients and controls. The association of miR-1 with BCL2 and miR-126-5p with PIK3R2 in STEMI patients was analyzed using ELISA and statistical analysis. Results showed a substantial increase in BCL2 levels in STEMI patients (128.01 ± 137.19) compared to controls (40.65 ± 20.92), and a decrease in miR-1 levels in STEMI patients (31.35 ± 68.89) compared to controls (43.43 ± 31.28). Similarly, the PIK3R2 and miR-126-5p levels among cases and controls were 228.55 ± 127.4 and 0.17 ± 0.32, respectively, showing a significant difference between patients and controls. Statistical analysis revealed that the expression levels of miR-1 and miR-126-5p are significantly different between controls and patients (p-value < 0.05), demonstrating a strong association with the prognosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between BCL2 levels and PIK3R2 levels (p-value < 0.05) among STEMI patients. These results establish a profound diagnostic profile for STEMI using miR-1 and miR-126-5p and highlight the functional importance of these miRNAs in angiogenesis by targeting the BCL2 and PIK3R2 proteins.