ANALYSING FATTY ACID AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF COCKLEBUR (XANTHUM STRUMARIUM L.) GROWN IN TÜRKIYE

Xanthium strumarium L. (Cocklebur) is an invasive species with established traditional medicinal uses; however, comprehensive phytochemical data especially on fruit essential oil are scarce.This study evaluated the fatty acid composition of seeds and the essential oil composition of fruits and leaves of Xanthium strumarium L. collected from 1440 m altitude in Yozgat Province, Türkiye and cultivated at Bozok University.Harvested material was shade-dried; essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and seed oil extracted by Soxhlet; all samples were analyzed by GC-MS.The seed fatty acid profile was dominated by linoleic acid (76.974%), oleic acid (11.378%), palmitic acid (6.512%) and stearic acid (3.803%).Major fruit oil constituents were 6-epi-shyobunol (17.13%), α-bisabolene epoxide (12.34%), α-cadinol (10.28%) and τ-cadinol (10.06%).Leaf oil was characterized by α-cadinol (12.40%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.88%), with abundant borneol (9.24%), isoaromadendrene epoxide (8.74%), cubedol (8.62%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8.06%), τ-cadinol (6.79%), 2,2,6-trimethyl-1-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-7oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol(5.01%) and α-bisabolene epoxide (5.00%).These results identify Xanthium strumarium L. as a valuable source of linoleic-rich seed oil and diverse bioactive terpenoids; notably, the essential oil composition of the fruit is reported here for the first time, providing baseline data for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.The study was carried out by adding cocklebur plants from 1440 m altitude location of Yozgat province of Türkiye to Bozok University trial areas.The aim of this study was to assess the fatty acid composition of seeds and the essential oil composition of fruits and leaves of Xanthium strumarium L. grown on the experimental area.Yozgat/Türkiye.The harvested plant parts were dried in the shade.Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and the oils were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus, then GC-MS was used for the analysis.'Thefatty acid was dominated by linoleic acid (76.974%), oleic acid (11.378%), palmitic acid (6.512%) and stearic acid (3.803%).The main components of fruit essential oil were 6-epi-shyobunol (17.13%), α-bisabolene epoxide (12.34%), αcadinol (10.28%), and tau-cadinol (10.06%).The main components of the leaves essential oil were α-cadinol (12.40%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.88%), while borneol (9.24%), isoaromadendrene epoxide (8.74%), cubedol (8.62%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8.06%), tau-cadinol (6.79%), 2,2,6-trimethyl-1-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-7oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol(5.01%), and α-bisabolene epoxide (5.00%) were recorded abundantly.Generally, cocklebur is a rich source of both fatty acids and essential oil components.The essential oil composition of the fruit was investigated for the first time in this study, and the findings can be valuable for future research.