RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE DEVELOPMENT, EVOLUTION, AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BLOWOUTS

Blowouts, as a type of negative landform in sandy areas, have long been a central focus in aeolian geomorphology.They serve as key indicators of sand fixation and activation, and reflect how near-surface wind-sand processes respond to environmental changes and human activities.With a growing number of research on the responses of aeolian processes to global change, blowout dynamics in coastal, lacustrine, and semi-arid grassland environments have drawn significant attention.This paper summarizes and reviews studies on the morphological types, developmental patterns, evolutionary processes, dynamic mechanisms, and influencing factors of blowouts.Current research focuses mainly on the development of individual blowouts, often neglecting the group morphology and spatial patterns of blowouts within the same region.Although surface airflow is widely considered the main force shaping blowout morphology-through wind erosion and abrasion-coastal blowouts are also affected by temporary water flow, weathering, and salinization.Thus, the genetic mechanisms of blowouts require further in-depth investigation.Also, studies on influencing factors have largely been qualitative, therefore, future work should emphasize quantitative assessments to support precise desertification evaluation and improved sand-control strategies in blowoutprone regions.