Multi-Omics Technologies Perspectives in Studying of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of psychological development disorders characterized by high heterogeneity of phenotypical and underlying biological mechanisms. To this date, there is no single concept of ASD etiology and pathogenesis; however, many studies discuss complex impact of genetic, epigenetiс, and exposomal factors on impaired neurodevelopment in children. Currently therapeutic approaches for ASD are symptomatic despite the dynamic research of autism issue. The high degree of etiopathogenetic and clinical differences dictates the need to find new methods for studying autism. Increasing number of people with ASD worldwide in recent decades, challenging early diagnosis, timely diagnosis and therapy require deeper, comprehensive study of ASD with innovative research methods. This review focuses on multi-omics — integrative approach to analysis of data obtained via high-tech omix studies (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics). Its implementation will provide the opportunity for better understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms and development of personalized strategies for autism diagnosis and management.