Ultra-Short Celiac Disease: Clinical, Immunophenotypic, Morphological, and Genetic Features

Ultra-short celiac disease is one of the phenotypes of common celiac disease, it is characterized by hyper-regenerative atrophy and/or intraepithelial lymphocytosis in duodenal bulb along with no mucosal damage in distal duodenum, serological positivity, the presence of HLA-DQ2. However, seropositivity and classical HLA-DQ2 haplotypes frequency differs from usual celiac disease, thus, there are significant difficulties in differential diagnosis. Data on prevalence, clinical manifestations, histological lesions, genetic features, and outcome of ultra-short celiac disease is insufficient and should be accumulated. This review focuses on analyzing the studies results about ultra-short celiac disease and describes the clinical, immunological, and genetic features of this disease phenotype.