Future Time Perspective and Its Relationship with Health Behaviours and Well-Being Among School Adolescents in Poland

Adolescents’ future time perspective (FTP) is linked to academic and mental health outcomes, yet its determinants remain insufficiently understood. This study examined associations between FTP and sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioural factors in 9,200 Polish students aged 12– 19 (54.7% girls) surveyed online in 2024. FTP was assessed using the five item scale; predictors included KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions, school stress, depression risk (WHO-5), physical activity, and risky behaviours. Linear regression identified the school environment (β = 0.256) as the strongest positive predictor, followed by physical well-being, age, physical activity, and parent–child relations, while depression risk and city residence were negative predictors. The model explained 19.5% of variance, with stronger effects among girls.