Is it possible for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis to be concomitant? A case report

Cardiac amyloidosis, or amyloid cardiomyopathy, is an infiltrative disease leading to cardiac wall thickening, impaired left ventricular diastolic function, and arrhythmias, followed by the development and progression of heart failure. Ninety-five percent of amyloid cardiomyopathy is caused by two following types of amyloidosis: AL amyloidosis or ATTR amyloidosis. In clinical practice, the combination of these two types of amyloidosis is extremely rare, accounting for 0,8%. This case report demonstrates amyloid cardiomyopathy in a patient with 2A multiple myeloma (Ig-A kappa), AL amyloidosis, and genetically determined hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (TTR mutation c.302C>, p.A101V). The paper describes the clinical performance, medical history, and diagnosis, and discusses specific amyloidosis therapy.