Cancer and cardiovascular diseases: common pathogenesis pathways and risk factors. A review

The study aim was to analyze the literature on the common pathogenetic pathways and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. Cancer is the second leading cause of death among adults worldwide after CVD. In clinical practice, the comorbidity of cancer and CVD is increasingly being recorded, which undoubtedly increases the mortality risk. CVD is the leading cause of death in patients with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer. At the same time, individuals with CVD, particularly heart failure, have an increased risk of cancer. Some pathogenic pathways in the development of cancer and CVD are common. There are published data on common genetic mutations between cancer and CVD. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the genesis of cancer and CVD. Many chemotherapy agents increase inflammation, aggravating prior CVD or promoting its development. Screening may be appropriate in certain categories of surviving patients, taking into account risk factors and the nature of treatment. It is noteworthy that screening for cancer in individuals with CVD, particularly heart failure, requires further study. In the context of measures to prevent cancer recurrence, comprehensive measures aimed at secondary prevention of comorbid conditions should be developed. Preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies should be part of multidisciplinary cardio-oncology care aimed at improving outcomes.