One Health Approach to Sporothrix brasiliensis: Disinfection Strategies for Control and Prevention

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by several species of Sporothrix, of which S. brasiliensis is the most virulent. Transmission primarily occurs through scratches, bites, or direct contact with exudates from infected cats and potentially through fomites. METHODS: We evaluated the efficacy of different disinfectant solutions in eliminating S. brasiliensis from contaminated surfaces, including medium-density fiberboard (MDF), tiles, stainless steel, and polyester fabric, by simulating both domestic and clinical environments. Sterile 9-cm² sections were uniformly inoculated with a standardized yeast-phase suspension. After drying, the surfaces were treated with 70% ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium compounds, or laundry soap (fabric only). Samples were collected at 0-30 min and cultured in triplicate on Mycosel medium at 30°C. Fungal viability was determined microscopically to assess the disinfection efficacy. RESULTS: Based on our results, 70% ethanol and bleach were the most effective disinfectants and recommended for use in both household and clinical settings. Bleaching displayed the highest efficacy, whereas 70% ethanol performed well. Other disinfectants demonstrated variable effectiveness depending on the exposure time and surface type. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical role of disinfection in mitigating the environmental transmission of sporotrichosis, thereby safeguarding both human and animal health.