Transposition of human oncology therapies to veterinary medicine: potential, challenges, and perspectives - a systematic review

ABSTRACT The growing interest in transferring therapeutic advances from human to veterinary medicine has spurred research into monoclonal antibodies and advanced therapies for treating cancer in small animals. This systematic review evaluates the feasibility and potential of these innovations, previously applied successfully in human oncology, for managing neoplasms in pets. By analyzing selected studies, the efficacy, mechanisms of action, challenges, and future perspectives of monoclonal antibodies, genetic therapies, and cellular therapies in veterinary oncology are assessed. Key findings include the successful use of bevacizumab and cetuximab in extending survival in human patients with metastatic cancers, the importance of Brazilian natural product research for identifying novel antineoplastic agents, and the emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in veterinary oncology. This review highlights the scientific evidence supporting the potential of advanced treatments to improve therapeutic outcomes in small animals, while also addressing implementation challenges, such as species-specific adaptations, safety assessments, and economic considerations. The translation of these therapies opens new avenues for cancer treatment in companion animals, aligning veterinary medicine with contemporary advances in human oncology.