Effect of titanium dioxide nanotubes in Ca(OH)2-based intracanal medicaments on odontoblast-like cells

This study investigated the effects of incorporating 3wt% titanium dioxide nanotubes (nTiO2) into calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]-based intracanal medicament (ICM) formulations on the proliferation, viability, and mitochondrial metabolic activity of mouse dental papilla cells (MDPC-23). Five experimental groups were evaluated (n=3 per group): Cells (control), Calen, Calen + 3wt% nTiO2, Ultracal, and Ultracal + 3wt% nTiO2. Cell proliferation, viability, and mitochondrial metabolic activity were assessed using the Trypan Blue exclusion and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays at 24, 48, and 72 h. Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests and generalized linear models (p