Development of Activated Carbon-Modified Polymer Composites for Application in Hydroponic Systems

Contemporary agriculture faces the challenge of reconciling productivity and sustainability, making hydroponics a promising alternative. However, the lack of biodegradable materials that combine mechanical performance, stability, and compatibility with nutrient solutions limits its expansion. In this context, this study proposes innovative composites based on poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), functionalized with activated carbon (AC) and the cationic surfactant CTAB, targeting applications in hydroponic systems. The formulations (PBAT, PBAT/5AC, PBAT/5AC/1CTAB, and PBAT/5AC/2CTAB) were processed by extrusion and injection and characterized by mechanical testing (ASTM D638), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle (ASTM D7334-08). CTAB acted as a functionalizing agent, improving CA dispersion and reducing agglomerates, which resulted in gains of 15.53% in the modulus of elasticity and 4.05% in tensile strength, in addition to greater surface hydrophilicity. Despite lower thermal stability, the properties obtained favor the adhesion of aqueous solutions, making the composites promising for sustainable substrates and components in hydroponic cultivation.