Cash transfer programs: a review of comparative evidence using textometry*

Abstract This study analyzes the discourse and communication strategies of cash transfer programs in Brazil, Mexico, India, and South Africa, using lexicometric analysis to identify structural differences and policy objectives. First, we provide a brief historical review of each program and present comparative tables highlighting their specific features. Then, we conduct a text mining analysis using the free software Iramuteq, which facilitates lexicometric exploration. This approach allows us to uncover patterns in the formulation and communication of these policies, revealing how each program frames its goals and target populations. Despite sharing a common political nature, the programs exhibit significant differences in design, implementation, and expected outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of policymakers carefully considering the discourse surrounding these programs, as it influences public perception and policy effectiveness. Ultimately, this research offers a novel methodological approach to studying cash transfer programs and contributes to a deeper understanding of their structure, communication, and impact.