Barriers to Sustainable and Integrated Waste Management in the Brazilian Amazon: An exploratory analysis using Lawshe’s approach

Abstract This study investigates critical barriers hindering Sustainable and Integrated Solid Waste Management (S-ISWM) in the Brazilian Amazon. Employing a four-stage methodology - (a) systematic literature review, (b) instrument development, (c) quantitative validation using Lawshe’s method, and (d) results interpretation - the research identifies and validates key obstacles specific to this complex region. An initial review of the literature identified 13 common barriers to waste management in developing countries. Expert validation using Lawshe’s method in the Amazonian context confirmed 11 as significantly relevant, demonstrating consensus among local researchers, private-sector professionals, and public-sector agents. The remaining two barriers exhibited divergent expert opinions, potentially reflecting nuanced perceptions of contextual factors and regional limitations. These findings underscore the need to understand the unique challenges involving waste management in the Amazon, where local conditions directly impact the effectiveness of potential solutions. The validated barriers offer essential insights for formulating targeted public policies and strategies that promote sustainability and effective waste management practices tailored to the Amazonian context.