An overview of Salmonella biofilms and their inhibition by plant bioactive compounds

Microbial biofilms are ubiquitous and highly successful forms of life. Among them, species found in food industries often include human pathogens like Salmonella spp., a significant concern due to its ability to adapt and survive in diverse environmental stresses. This bacterium is a major global public health issue, causing foodborne illnesses with considerable morbidity and economic costs. Combatting bacteria within biofilms necessitates novel strategies, and recent research highlights natural compounds as promising agents due to their antibiofilm, antivirulence, and antimicrobial properties. Specifically, plant-derived compounds have shown potential to modulate biofilm formation either alone or in combination with other substances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Salmonella biofilms, encompassing their development, composition, resistance mechanisms, and tolerance mechanisms. It focuses particularly on the inhibition of these biofilms by plant-derived compounds.