Ukraine Fifth Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA5), February 2022 - December 2025

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues to cause profound and far-reaching physical, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts, which will be felt for generations. This fifth Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA5), undertaken jointly by the World Bank Group, the Government of Ukraine, the European Commission, and the United Nations, with support from additional partners, provides updated estimates of damage and losses as well as recovery and reconstruction needs. It presents an overview of nearly four years of impact, covering 46 months between February 2022 and December 2025 and building on the previous four assessments, RDNA1, RDNA2, RDNA3, and RDNA4. While RDNA5 assesses impacts up to December 2025, widespread impacts are continuing to mount against Ukraine’s people, economy, and infrastructure. The RDNA5 findings highlight the expanding footprint of destruction in 2025 and the increasing complexity of restoring systems essential for economic recovery and social wellbeing. As of December 31, 2025, total damage is estimated at US195.1 billion dollars, about 10.8 percent higher than in RDNA4, with housing, transport, and energy sectors most affected. Socioeconomic losses have risen to 666.7 billion dollars, reflecting a 13.2 percent increase since RDNA4, driven largely by disruptions to commerce, industry, public services, and livelihoods. Recovery and reconstruction needs continue to grow and are now estimated at 587.7 billion dollars over a 10 year horizon, equivalent to almost three times Ukraine’s 2025 GDP. Meeting these needs requires sustained efforts to restore damaged assets, ensure continuity of essential services, and rebuild infrastructure using a build back better (BBB) approach. Damage, losses, and needs remain concentrated in frontline oblasts and major metropolitan areas.