Association between the Framingham steatosis index and gallstone disease in adults: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between Framingham steatosis index (FSI) and the risk of gallstone disease in order to evaluate its potential as a risk marker and simple screening tool. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 5 705 adults subjected from the 2017-2020 cycle of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A complex sampling-weighted multivariable logistic regression model was employed to assess the association between FSI (treated as both a continuous variable and in quartiles) and gallstone risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and threshold effect analyses were utilized to explore nonlinear relationships. Interaction and subgroup analyses were performed to examine potential effect modifiers, and multiple sensitivity analyses were applied to verify the robustness of the findings. Results The fully adjusted logistic regression model showed a significant positive association between FSI and gallstone risk (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.20 to 1.44, P