IMPACT OF ACTIVATION ENERGY, MODIFIED DARCY-FORCHHEIMER, AND THERMAL RADIATION ON ELECTRO-OSMOSIS-CONTROLLED PERISTALTIC FLOW OF SUTTERBY NANOFLUID IN A CILIATED VERTICAL CHANNEL

This work examines the peristaltic transport of Sutterby nanofluid flow in a ciliated vertical channel under the combined effects of magnetic field, buoyancy, modified Darcy-Forchheimer, electro-osmotic forces, activation energy, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation. Nevertheless, to account for the porous media impact, the modified Darcy’s law has been employed, and the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formulation is utilized to explain the electro-osmotic phenomenon. By applying a suitable transformation derived with the help of the wave speed, the governing unsteady, nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) related to momentum, energy, concentration, and microbes are reduced to steady state flows. In addition, the study reduces these to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by utilizing Debye-Huckel, long-wavelength, and small-scale Reynolds number assumptions. The numerical solutions for the resulting set of coupled ODEs are numerically computed using the well-established, in-built ND Solve function of Mathematica software, and the graphical representation is displayed. Furthermore, the influences of various emerging parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of microbes are reviewed visually and described in detail. The main finding of the current investigation reveals that there is a decrease in velocity distribution with magnification of the magnetic parameter and a reduction in temperature profiles with an increasing Rayleigh number and Darcy-Forchheimer number.