DESIGN OF A FLARED NESTED HEXAGONAL RINGS HEXABAND FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

This article presents the design and analysis of a low-profile patch antenna with flared nested hexagonal rings. The antenna is specifically designed to cater to a wide range of wireless applications. The innovative design includes hexagonal rings that are nested within each other, creating a distinctive pattern. In the hexaband antenna described in the article, a 50-ohm microstrip feed line is used for its operation. This antenna is developed using a single layer of a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate. The key structural feature of the antenna consists of nested hexagonal rings, which serve as the radiating patch elements. These rings are carefully arranged and designed to attain the appropriate performance characteristics across the six frequency bands. A flared patch with a partial ground plane is used in the hexaband antenna design to achieve adequate impedance matching; this design feature helps to optimize the antenna's performance by minimizing impedance mismatches and maximizing power transfer. The flared patch, along with the partial ground plane, aids in achieving a balanced and efficient signal transmission between the antenna and the source. The antenna demonstrates good performance with S11 values below -10 dB across the six frequency bands, including 3.55-3.75 GHz, 4.09-4.90 GHz, 5.2-6.45 GHz, 6.96-7.66 GHz, 11.04-12.17 GHz, and 12.81 GHz-13.85 GHz. To evaluate the performance of the hexaband antenna across the six different frequency bands, the Ansoft HFSS is employed. The developed antenna exhibits higher gain at the six frequency bands and has undergone testing and prototype development to validate its performance. The simulation results align well with the measurement outcomes, indicating the effectiveness of the hexaband antenna design.