Strategies of Virtual Power Plants Participating in Auxiliary Service Market Under Extreme Weather Conditions

To address the issues of limited profit methods and unstable earnings for virtual power plants (VPPs), the control of the grid-connected inverters within the photovoltaic systems of VPPs is optimized, enabling them to participate in the reactive power auxiliary services market to gain voltage regulation revenue, which ensures voltage stability under extreme weather scenarios and expands the revenue channels for the VPP. Additionally, a two-layer optimization model for VPPs to participate in the auxiliary services market considering demand response is established, with the upper layer being a comprehensive revenue maximization model for the VPP and the lower layer being a cost minimization model for the flexible load electricity consumption of the VPP. The model is solved by transforming the two-layer model into a single-layer model using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Case studies demonstrate that this strategy enables VPPs to secure stable profits in the auxiliary service market during extreme weather events, while remaining effective and adaptable under normal operating conditions.