Advances in the mechanism of action of the ring finger proteins family in breast cancer

The ring finger proteins(RNFs) family not only function as E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in protein degradation, but also plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, tumor immune escape and epigenetic modification. RNFs promote breast cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating specific signaling pathways and modulating gene expression. By facilitating DNA damage repair, they contribute to genomic stability and enhance resistance to therapy. In the context of tumor immune evasion, RNFs mediate the ubiquitination of immune checkpoint molecules, thereby inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, in epigenetic regulation, RNFs influence DNA methylation and histone modifications to suppress the expression of tumor suppressor genes, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance. Targeting RNFs may inhibit tumor growth and improve therapeutic outcomes in breast cancer.