Research progress on the mechanisms of omental metastasis in gastric cancer

Omental metastasis is recognized as one of the most common pathways of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer and is also a key factor contributing to poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Research has extensively focused on various aspects concerning the mechanisms of gastric cancer omental metastasis, including the tumor microenvironment, genes, adhesion molecules, exosomes, calreticulin, and complement. These factors act on the basis of the implantation of free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of gastric cancer omental metastasis and discusses their potential research and clinical implications.