Recent advances in MXene based wearable sensors: a mini review

MXene’s, a rapidly emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and large surface area, making them highly attractive for wearable sensing technologies. Advances in structural design, composite engineering, and surface modification have enabled MXene-based wearable sensors with superior sensitivity, mechanical robustness, rapid response, and multifunctional sensing capabilities. Recent progress encompasses diverse device types, including strain, pressure, biochemical, and multifunctional sensors, supported by electrochemical, piezoresistive, triboelectric, and capacitive mechanisms. In addition, efforts toward biocompatible MXene hybrids, self-healing hydrogels, and multifunctional architectures are highlighted. Key challenges such as durability, recyclability, and environmental impact are critically examined. This review provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis strategies, device design, and functional enhancements, while emphasizing the future potential of MXene’s in smart textiles, bioelectronics, and human–machine interfaces. The insights presented aim to accelerate innovation and guide the development of next-generation wearable technologies based on MXene’s.