Anaemia in heart failure: a focus on iron deficiency Part 2. Therapeutic strategies

Anemia is a common and significant comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), with major consequences for disease progression, quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Among the various causes of anemia in this context, iron deficiency (or iron deficiency anemia) stands out as a key and modifiable factor. This deficiency contributes not only to anemia, but also to muscle and cardiac dysfunction, thereby worsening the clinical condition of patients. Multiple mechanisms, such as chronic inflammation, disruption of iron metabolism, and renal dysfunction, are involved in its development. This review focuses on current therapeutic strategies, with particular emphasis on the management of iron deficiency anemia, notably through injectable iron supplementation. Understanding and effectively treating iron deficiency is essential to improving the overall management of patients with both HF and anemia, thereby optimizing their prognosis and quality of life.