Characterization of the allele pool of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii B.) bred in Russia using an optimized multiplex panel of microsatellite loci

This article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the genetic diversity of domesticated Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) stocks originating from the Lena, Ob, Yenisei river basins and Lake Baikal, reared at eight Russian fish farms. Genetic certification of 228 individuals was performed using an optimized multiplex panel of microsatellite loci. It was found that most stocks retain a relatively high level of genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity HE= 0.701, allelic richness AR=6.77). Significant differentiation was observed between the farms: the largest Nei's genetic distance (0.4646) was recorded between groups of Lena origin (the Mozhaisk Production and Experimental Fish Hatchery and the sturgeon farm in Udomlya), while the smallest distance (0.1136) was found between the Mansurovsky Fish Farm and the sturgeon farm in Udomlya, indicating their potential relatedness or exchange of breeding material. It was demonstrated that the genetic structure of the studied groups is shaped primarily by the specific history of each farm (founder effect, selective breeding) rather than by their initial geographical origin. A system of regular genetic monitoring broodstock and a controlled exchange of breeding stock between farms are recommended for the sustainable development of sturgeon farming.