Dual-Target Bioprocessing Using Oleaginous Microorganisms: Converting Food Waste into Lipids and Biopolymers

The increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to fossil-derived fuels and plastics has intensified research into microbial platforms that can convert abundant waste resources into valuable products. This review focuses on the emerging field of dual-target bioprocessing using oleaginous microorganisms to produce single-cell oils (SCOs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from food waste. We discuss key microbial strains, their metabolic pathways, co-production capabilities and substrate preferences. Emphasis is placed on the use of food waste as a low-cost and carbon-rich feedstock, thereby enhancing both economic feasibility and environmental sustainability. We also analyze integrated bioprocess strategies developed to overcome existing challenges, such as yield optimization and metabolic bottlenecks. This dual-production platform addresses the principles of circular economy, facilitating the conversion of waste into high-value bioproducts.