Relationship between chronic heart and venous insufficiency: possible mechanisms and clinical research findings

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities is common and was once considered a localized disease. Recent evidence shows systemic effects of CVI, especially its link to the onset and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Objective. To characterize the possible relationships between chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and chronic heart failure, to analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms of their interaction, as well as the role of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities as a predictor of the development and progression of chronic heart failure. Materials and methods. The article reviews publications indicating a possible relationship between CVI and CHF. Sources were identified by searching the PubMed, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases. Articles available in full-text, published from 2006 to 2025, were selected. Results. CVI has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of CHF, mortality, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Venous congestion and right heart dysfunction induce endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and myocardial remodeling, forming a vicious circle. Conclusion. The accumulated data indicate that chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and chronic heart failure are interrelated, and their combination worsens the prognosis. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the cause-and-effect relationship and to develop a comprehensive therapy.