MODERN APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF TERRITORIES IN THE IMPACT ZONE OF OIL PRODUCING AND REFINING ENTERPRISES

This study analyzes environmental monitoring mechanisms in the impact zones of oil producing and refining enterprises. The paper systematizes modern approaches to monitoring the quality of atmospheric air, water bodies, soil, and groundwater. Particular attention is paid to the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the area of environmental monitoring.An analysis of statistical data from the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Bashkortostan revealed a consistent trend in environmental law violations. The highest number of violations related to atmospheric air protection were recorded in 2011, 2012, 2021, and 2024. In the area of water use, an increase in violations has been observed over the past four years.The study provides a detailed analysis of environmental quality management algorithms. For atmospheric air, a monitoring system including stationary and route monitoring is considered. Category I enterprises are equipped with automated monitoring systems that transmit data to environmental agencies.Monitoring regulations for water bodies including the development of permissible discharge standards and the creation of a monitoring station system were analyzed. A network of observation wells and regular sampling are used to monitor groundwater and soil.The study identified systemic limitations of current monitoring mechanisms. Key issues include fragmented data and the lack of a unified information space. Existing systems have reactive nature and focus on recording changes that have already occurred. A significant time lag between sampling and management decisions reduces the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. The lack of integration of data on various environmental components makes it impossible to track the transboundary migration of pollutants.The conclusion substantiates the need to modernize the environmental monitoring system. A transition to a proactive model based on the principles of continuous monitoring and mathematical modeling is proposed.The study results can be used to improve regional environmental safety systems. A promising area for further research is the development of an integrated monitoring system for oil-producing regions.