MODERNIZATION OF WATER COOLING IN SMALL-SIZED COOLING TOWERS

Growing demands for energy efficiency, environmental safety, and the compactness of process equipment necessitate the development of compact cooling systems, particularly cooling towers capable of operating effectively in confined spaces. The objective of this study is to increase the efficiency of circulating water cooling by improving the design of a compact cooling tower and implementing a method of cross- and counter-current interaction of air and water flows. This article examines the causes of the low heat transfer efficiency of traditional compact cooling towers, including short phase contact time, limited heat transfer area, and the use of once-through systems. The proposed technical solution includes cross-flow air and water supply at the top of the unit and counter-flow at the bottom, which significantly increases the average temperature difference between the flows and, consequently, intensifies heat and mass transfer. The methodological section includes a description of a pilot plant with a thermal electric heater, pumps, a spray system, fans, and a temperature, pressure, and flow measurement system. An analysis of the water circulation scheme, cooling conditions, and the effect of the design on process efficiency is conducted. Experimental results show that using cross-flow cooling promotes more uniform temperature distribution and improves cooling efficiency compared to traditional direct-flow systems. The design ensures stable operation in confined and limited spaces, reduces energy costs, and increases equipment reliability. The developed system can be effectively used in the power, food, chemical, and oil and gas industries, particularly in applications where space is limited and high cooling performance is required at minimal cost.